What is CNC?

What is CNC?

What is CNC? CNC Machines and Working Principles

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines, which provide high precision and efficiency by automating production processes in the industry, are one of the cornerstones of today's manufacturing sector. CNC machines can process metal, wood, plastic and composite materials with great accuracy using a computer-controlled system.

Definition and History of CNC

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) is a technology that allows cutting tools and machines to be automatically directed through computer programs. The origin of CNC dates back to the 1940s. The first CNC machines were used in the aviation industry in the USA in the 1950s and over time spread to many sectors such as automotive, defense industry, medical and mold making.

Working Principle of CNC Machines

CNC machines work with special command sequences called G-codes. The basic working principle of a CNC machine consists of the following steps:

  • Digital Design - The part to be processed is modeled with computer-aided design (CAD) programs.
  • Coding and Programming – The CAD model is converted into G-code and M-code formats that CNC machines can understand via CAM and the processing process is planned.
  • Machining – The CNC machine automatically moves according to the codes and performs operations such as milling, turning, drilling, and cutting on the material.
  • Quality Control – The processed parts are checked with precise measurements and tested to see if they are within the desired tolerance values.


Types of CNC Machines

CNC machines can be of different types depending on their areas of use:

  • CNC Milling Machines – Shape the material by processing it with rotary cutting tools.
  • CNC Lathes – Create cylindrical forms by processing a rotating workpiece with a cutting tool.
  • CNC Laser Cutting Machines – Cut with high-precision laser beam.
  • CNC Plasma Cutting Machines – Cut metal plates with plasma arc.
  • CNC EDM (Electro Discharge Machines) – Processes conductive materials with spark erosion.


Advantages of CNC Machines

  • High Precision – Provides repeatable and precise production by minimizing human error.
  • Efficiency and Speed ​​– Much faster and suitable for mass production compared to manual production processes.
  • Low Labor Cost – Reduces labor costs as it requires minimal operator intervention.
  • Flexibility – Can be easily adapted to different production processes with program changes.
  • Waste Reduction – Reduces waste rates by using the material in the most efficient way.


In Which Sectors Are CNC Machines Used?

  • Automotive – Engine parts, chassis components, gears and axle production.
  • Aviation and Defense – Aircraft bodies, turbine blades, weapon parts.
  • Medical – Prosthesis, implant and surgical equipment production.
  • Molding and Plastic Injection – Injection molds, die casting molds.
  • Furniture and Woodworking – Wood carvings, decorative parts, door and window manufacturing.

CNC machines have created a great revolution in the production sector by increasing precision, speed and quality. It is among the indispensable technologies of modern industry as it offers the opportunity to produce higher quality products at lower costs compared to traditional methods.

If you want to modernize your production processes and increase your efficiency with CNC machines, you can contact us and discover the best solutions.